The devastating impact of Europe's summer drought has brought the continent's hydropower sector to a critical juncture. With water levels at an all-time low, the question arises: can Europe rely on gas as a backup, or is there a more sustainable solution?
The Drought's Impact on Hydropower
The Alpine region, a key area for hydropower, is facing an unprecedented crisis. Record-low water levels in the Danube river have forced Hungary to power down its nuclear plant, which usually provides a significant portion of the country's electricity. This is just one example of how the drought has affected Europe's clean energy mix.
According to energy experts, inflows to reservoirs and hydropower plants in Austria and Switzerland are significantly below average. Total hydro production in these countries is at an alarming 50% of normal levels, with similar drops seen in Germany and France. Hydropower, as the second-largest renewable electricity source in the EU, accounts for a substantial 28% of the bloc's electricity, highlighting the magnitude of this issue.
Relying on Fossil Fuels?
Many countries heavily dependent on hydropower, such as Portugal and Austria, are now facing a challenging decision. As hydropower output drops, there is a risk of reverting to polluting fossil fuels. In fact, gas generation in the EU has already increased by 8% in the past year, largely due to reduced hydro output.
However, the solution may not be as simple as relying on gas. The same weather conditions that affected hydropower also impacted wind power, causing a 2% drop. On the other hand, solar generation thrived, with a remarkable 20% growth in 2025. This highlights the importance of diversifying renewable energy sources to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events.
The Role of Hybridisation
Experts suggest that 'hybridisation' could be a game-changer for Europe's energy grid. By combining wind, solar, and storage technologies behind a single grid connection, countries can integrate new renewables more efficiently. This approach allows for better utilization of existing infrastructure and can help manage the variability of renewable energy sources.
A recent report by Ember found that hybridisation could integrate a significant portion of new renewables expected by 2030 in key EU hydropower markets without the need for additional grid capacity. This innovative solution not only addresses the current challenges but also paves the way for a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
Conclusion
Europe's summer drought has exposed the vulnerabilities of its energy systems. While gas may provide a temporary solution, the long-term sustainability of this approach is questionable. The success stories of solar generation and the potential of hybridisation offer a glimpse of a more promising future. As we navigate these challenging times, it is crucial to prioritize investments in renewable energy diversification and innovative grid solutions to build a resilient and clean energy future for Europe.
